Rudolf Hess - Wikipedia. This article is about a prominent Nazi politician. For the commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, see Rudolf H. He was taken prisoner and eventually was convicted of crimes against peace, serving a life sentence, until his death by suicide.
Hess enlisted in the 7th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment as an infantryman at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times over the course of the war, and won the Iron Cross, 2nd class, in 1.
The post-conviction stage of the criminal justice process, in which the defendant is brought before the court for the imposition of a penalty.
17 August 1987) (aged 93). He was arrested and sentenced to 18 months in prison. PONTIAC >> A Pontiac man who admitted to killing another man in 1987 will spend at least 25 years behind bars. Robert David Simpson, 45, pleaded guilty last month to. Eastbourne rapist Graham Wood sentenced for 1987. He pleaded guilty to raping and indecently assaulting the 20-year-old woman in The Goffs on 2 April 1987. A woman accused of killing her husband in 1987 has been convicted in the cold case murder and sentenced to 25 years in prison.
Shortly before the war ended, Hess enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in this role. He left the armed forces in December 1. Leutnant der Reserve.
In 1. 91. 9, Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum (. Hess joined the NSDAP on 1 July 1.
Hitler's side on 8 November 1. Beer Hall Putsch, a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Bavaria.
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Whilst serving time in jail for this attempted coup, Hess helped Hitler write his book, Mein Kampf, which became a foundation of the political platform of the NSDAP. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1. Hess was appointed Deputy F. He was the third most powerful man in Germany, behind only Hitler and Hermann G.
In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1. Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead- up to the Holocaust. Hess continued to be interested in aviation, learning to fly the more advanced aircraft that were coming into development at the start of World War II.
On 1. 0 May 1. 94. Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with the Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed to be prominent in opposition to the British government. Hess was immediately arrested on his arrival and was held in British custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial in the Nuremberg Trials of major war criminals in 1. Throughout much of the trial, he claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but later admitted this was a ruse.
Hess was convicted of crimes against peace and conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes and was transferred to Spandau Prison in 1. Repeated attempts by family members and prominent politicians to win him early release were blocked by the Soviet Union. Still in custody in Spandau, he died by suicide in 1. After his death the prison was demolished to prevent it from becoming a neo- Nazi shrine. Early life. His brother, Alfred, was born in 1. Margarete, was born in 1.
The family lived in a villa on the Egyptian coast near Alexandria, and visited Germany often from 1. Reicholdsgr. Hess attended a German language Protestant school in Alexandria from 1. Germany to study at a boarding school in Bad Godesberg. He demonstrated an aptitude for science and mathematics, but his father wished him to join the family business, Hess & Co., so he sent him in 1. After a year there, Hess took an apprenticeship at a trading company in Hamburg. World War I. His initial posting was against the British on the Somme; he was present at the First Battle of Ypres. On 9 November 1. 91.
Hess transferred to the 1st Infantry Regiment, stationed near Arras. He was awarded the Iron Cross, second class, and promoted to Gefreiter (corporal) in April 1. After additional training at the Munster Training Area, he was promoted to Vizefeldwebel (senior non- commissioned officer) and received the Bavarian Military Merit Cross. Returning to the front lines in November, he fought in Artois, participating in the battle for the town of Neuville- Saint- Vaast. After two months out of action with a throat infection, Hess served in the Battle of Verdun in May, and was hit by shrapnel in the left hand and arm on 1. June 1. 91. 6 in fighting near the village of Thiaumont. After a month off to recover, he was sent back to the Verdun area, where he remained until December.
Hess was promoted to platoon leader of the 1. Company of the 1. Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment, which was serving in Romania. He was wounded on 2. July and again on 8 August 1. By 2. 0 August he was well enough to travel, so he was sent to hospital in Hungary and eventually back to Germany, where he recovered in hospital in Meissen. In October he received promotion to Leutnant der Reserve and was recommended for, but did not receive, the Iron Cross, first class.
At his father's request, Hess was transferred to a hospital closer to home, arriving at Alexandersbad on 2. October. While still convalescing, Hess had requested that he be allowed to enrol to train as a pilot, so after some Christmas leave with his family he reported to Munich. He received basic flight training at Oberschleissheim and Lechfeld Air Base in March to June 1. Valenciennes in France in October. On 1. 4 October, he was assigned to Jagdstaffel 3.
Bavarian fighter squadron equipped with Fokker D. VII biplanes. He saw no action with Jagdstaffel 3.
November 1. 91. 8, before he had the opportunity. Hess was discharged from the armed forces in December 1. The family fortunes had taken a serious downturn, as their business interests in Egypt had been expropriated by the British.
Hess joined the Thule Society, an antisemitic right- wing V. Bavaria witnessed frequent and often bloody conflicts between right- wing groups such as the Freikorps and left- wing forces as they fought for control of the state during this period. Hess was a participant in street battles in the spring of 1. Munich. In 1. 91. Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied history and economics.
His geopolitics professor was Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum (. Hess later introduced this concept to Adolf Hitler, and it became one of the pillars of Nazi Party ideology. Hess became friends with Haushofer and his son Albrecht, a social theorist and lecturer. Ilse Pr. They married on 2. December 1. 92. 7 and their son Wolf R. They held a shared belief in the stab- in- the- back myth, the notion that Germany's loss in World War I was caused by a conspiracy of Jews and Bolsheviks rather than a military defeat.
Hess joined the NSDAP on 1 July as member number 1. As the party continued to grow, holding rallies and meetings in ever larger beer halls in Munich, he focused his attention on fundraising and organisational activities. On 4 November 1. 92. Hitler when a bomb planted by a Marxist group exploded at the Hofbr.
Hess joined the Sturmabteilung (SA) by 1. Meanwhile, problems continued with the economy; hyperinflation caused personal fortunes to be rendered worthless.
When the German government failed to meet their reparations payments and French troops marched in to occupy the industrial areas along the Ruhr in January 1. Hitler decided the time was ripe to attempt to seize control of the government with a coup d'. Hess was with Hitler on the night of 8 November 1. SA stormed a public meeting organised by Bavaria's de facto ruler, Staatskommissar (state commissioner) Gustav von Kahr, in the B. Brandishing a pistol, Hitler interrupted Kahr's speech and announced that the national revolution had begun, declaring the formation of a new government with World War I General Erich Ludendorff. The next day, Hitler and several thousand supporters attempted to march to the Ministry of War in the city centre. Gunfire broke out between the Nazis and the police; fourteen marchers and four police officers were killed.
Hitler was arrested on 1. November. Hess and some SA men had taken a few of the dignitaries hostage on the night of the 8th, driving them to a house about 5.
Munich. When Hess left briefly to make a phone call the next day, the hostages convinced the driver to help them escape. Hess, stranded, called Ilse Pr. He went to stay with the Haushofers and then fled to Austria, but they convinced him to return.
He was arrested and sentenced to 1. Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler was sentenced to five years imprisonment, and the NSDAP and SA were both outlawed. Edited by publisher Max Amann, Hess and others, the work was published in two parts in 1. It was later released in a single volume, which became a best- seller after 1. This book, with its message of violent antisemitism, became the foundation of the political platform of the NSDAP. Hitler was released on parole on 2.
December 1. 92. 4 and Hess ten days later. The ban on the NSDAP and SA was lifted in February 1.
They received only 2. Hitler named Hess his private secretary in April 1. Reichsmarks per month, and named him as personal adjutant on 2. July 1. 92. 9. Hess accompanied Hitler to speaking engagements around the country and became his friend and confidante. In December 1. 93. Hess was named party Political Central Commissioner.
Retaining his interest in flying after the end of his active military career, Hess obtained his private pilot's licence on 4 April 1. His instructor was World War I flying ace Theodor Croneiss. In 1. 93. 0 Hess became the owner of a BFW M. V. He acquired two more Messerschmitt aircraft in the early 1.
Deputy F. Hess was named Deputy F. With offices in the Brown House in Munich and another in Berlin, Hess was responsible for several departments, including foreign affairs, finance, health, education and law.
All legislation passed through his office for approval, except that concerning the army, the police and foreign policy, and he wrote and co- signed many of Hitler's decrees. An organiser of the annual Nuremberg Rallies, he usually gave the opening speech and introduced Hitler. Hess also spoke over the radio and at rallies around the country, so frequently that the speeches were collected into book form in 1. Hess acted as Hitler's delegate in negotiations with industrialists and members of the wealthier classes. As Hess had been born abroad, Hitler had him oversee the NSDAP groups such as the NSDAP/AO that were in charge of party members living in other countries. Hitler instructed Hess to review all court decisions that related to persons deemed enemies of the Party.